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Commercial Building Energy Forecasting and Optimization

An XGBoost-based forecasting and analytics pipeline for predicting energy demand, identifying inefficiencies, and translating model outputs into operational energy-saving strategy.

Built for the Data Masters Challenge Olympiad, this project analyzed commercial-building energy consumption across a large REIT portfolio under a tight competition deadline. The work combined data cleaning, time-series feature engineering, predictive modeling, explainability, residual diagnostics, and executive-ready business recommendations.

XGBoost • SHAP Explainability • Forecasting • Energy Analytics • Business Impact • Time-Series Features

1st Place, Data Masters Challenge Olympiad
0.98 XGBoost R² on future-period evaluation
1,600+ Commercial buildings in the client portfolio
$500K Potential annual savings at 20% reduction

Project Overview

This project developed a forecasting and decision-support workflow for building energy optimization. The goal was not only to predict future consumption, but also to identify where energy waste was concentrated, which factors were driving demand, and how the client could prioritize efficiency investments.

Forecast Predicted daily energy consumption using engineered temporal, building, and weather features.
Explain Used SHAP and feature diagnostics to interpret the model’s strongest predictive drivers.
Prioritize Translated residuals, usage patterns, and savings simulations into business recommendations.

Competition Result

The project was completed for the Data Masters Challenge Olympiad, an inter-university competition involving teams from Canisius University, NY and the University of Alberta. The challenge required teams to clean messy energy data, build machine learning models, create visual insights, and deliver a structured business report under a compressed deadline.

Data Masters Challenge certificate showing 1st place award

Award outcome

1st Place, Data Masters Challenge Olympiad 2025

The final submission combined predictive modeling, exploratory analysis, business insight development, and executive recommendations for reducing energy waste across a commercial real estate portfolio.

Inter-university competition Team-based delivery Forecasting and business strategy

The Energy Efficiency Problem

The simulated client was a real estate investment trust managing more than 1,600 commercial buildings across North America and Europe. The organization faced rising energy costs, carbon penalties, and scattered meter data with missing values, inconsistent readings, and seasonal demand patterns.

Messy energy data

The raw workflow involved electricity readings, building metadata, and weather data, requiring cleaning, reshaping, merging, and missing-value handling before modeling.

Forecasting requirement

The client needed future energy-consumption predictions to support planning, efficiency targeting, and portfolio-level decision-making.

Business actionability

The final output had to connect model results to practical interventions such as audits, retrofits, HVAC optimization, and peak-load management.

Analytical Workflow

The workflow transformed raw hourly meter readings into a modeling-ready daily forecasting dataset, then compared machine learning approaches and converted model outputs into operational insights. The project moved from raw energy, metadata, and weather inputs through feature engineering, model comparison, interpretability analysis, and actionable business recommendations.

Analytical workflow showing five stages: clean and merge, engineer features, model demand, explain drivers, and recommend action.

Operational Insights

The exploratory analysis surfaced where energy demand was concentrated, when usage peaked, and how seasonal patterns shaped the client’s energy-efficiency strategy.

Bar chart showing average energy usage by building type
Health, education, utility, and science buildings emerged as high-consumption categories, supporting targeted efficiency programs.
Line chart showing average energy usage by hour of day
Energy usage increased through the workday and peaked in the early afternoon, supporting peak-load management recommendations.
Line chart showing seasonal energy consumption trends across months
Seasonal demand rose into the summer months, creating a clear window for HVAC optimization, maintenance planning, and cooling-season energy strategy.

Forecasting Model Performance

XGBoost was selected as the final forecasting model after comparison with a tuned neural network. The tree-based model performed better on the structured tabular forecasting task and provided stronger alignment with actual energy usage patterns.

34.28 RMSE after inverse log transformation
5.44 MAE on the future-period evaluation set
0.9804 R² score for XGBoost forecasting performance
Actual versus predicted energy consumption scatter plot for XGBoost
XGBoost predictions closely tracked actual consumption across low and moderate demand ranges, with some underprediction at extreme usage levels.

Why the neural network chart is not featured

The tuned neural network underperformed on this tabular forecasting task. Rather than giving the weaker model a major visual slot, the page highlights the selected model and explains the comparison through the modeling narrative.

Explainability and Weather Sensitivity

The project used explainability and weather-sensitivity analysis to move beyond prediction accuracy. The goal was to understand what drove demand and how facilities teams could anticipate changing energy needs.

SHAP feature importance plot for XGBoost energy forecasting model
SHAP analysis showed that recent consumption history, especially lag and rolling meter-reading features, strongly influenced predictions.
Weather feature contribution chart for energy consumption
Weather sensitivity analysis highlighted sea-level pressure, dew temperature, air temperature, and wind speed as environmental demand signals.

Business Impact and Recommendations

The final recommendations connected model outputs to executive decisions: where to audit, when to reduce peak load, which building types to prioritize, and how much value could be created through portfolio-wide energy reductions.

$858K Estimated annual savings from a 10% energy reduction scenario
$1.7M Estimated annual savings from a 20% energy reduction scenario
Top 10 Underperforming buildings identified for audits and retrofit review

Target high-consumption facilities

Prioritize health, education, utility, and science buildings for specialized energy efficiency programs.

Reduce early-afternoon peak load

Use demand response, smart scheduling, and real-time monitoring to flatten the 1 PM to 3 PM usage peak.

Expand weather-aware controls

Incorporate humidity, pressure, and temperature signals into proactive facilities planning and HVAC optimization.

My Role and Contributions

I contributed as Predictive Modeling Lead and Business Insight Development contributor, helping connect machine learning outputs to practical recommendations for the client scenario.

Predictive modeling

Built and evaluated the XGBoost forecasting model, compared model performance, and supported the final selection of the tree-based approach.

Feature engineering

Developed modeling features from building metadata, weather variables, time-series lags, rolling averages, and transformed consumption signals.

Business insight development

Helped translate forecasting results into savings simulations, audit priorities, peak-load recommendations, and executive-facing strategy.

Communication and reporting

Contributed to structuring results in a way that connected technical modeling, visual analysis, and stakeholder-ready recommendations.

Project Artifacts

The project includes a public GitHub repository, competition certificate, notebook-style report, business insight report, plots, scripts, and reproducible project structure.

GitHub Repository

Public project repository containing code, scripts, reports, and project documentation.

Open repository

Competition Certificate

Certificate showing 1st-place recognition in the Data Masters Challenge Olympiad.

View certificate

Notebook and Reports

Notebook workflow and business report artifacts used to explain the model, results, and recommendations.

Portfolio summary available